ABSTRACT
Análise de políticas públicas pode ser entendida como análise das atividades realizadas por um governo com objetivo de intervir em determinada realidade ou problema social. O objetivo do estudo é realizar revisão narrativa procurando identificar os conceitos e métodos utilizados para análise de políticas. Foram adotados como descritores: Políticas de Saúde, Políticas Públicas de Saúde, Formulação de Políticas e Análise, pesquisados nas bases de dados: Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Publisher Medline e Base de Dados de Enfermagem. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de junho de 2013 a março de 2014. Foram elegíveis 32 artigos para extração dos dados, publicados entre 2008 e 2012. Após critérios de exclusão, 05 artigos foram analisados, destes, emergiram três categorias: Bases Conceituais; Bases metodológicas e Desafios para a enfermagem. Identificou-se o Ciclo de política como o instrumento mais utilizado para analisar política (AU).
Analysis of public policies can be understood as the analysis of those activities undertaken by a government with the objective of intervening in a specified context or social problem. The study object is to undertake a narrative review, seeking to identify the concepts and methods used for analysis of policies. The following were adopted as descriptors: Health Policies, Public Health Policies, and Formulation of Policies and Analysis, researched in the following databases: International Literature on Health Sciences, the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, PubMed and the Base de Dados de Enfermagem (Nursing Database). The study was undertaken in June 2013 March 2014. A total of 32 articles was eligible for the extraction of data, published between 2008 and 2012. After application of the exclusion criteria, 05 articles were analyzed, from which three categories emerged: Conceptual Bases; Methodological bases; and Challenges to nursing. The Policy cycle was identified as the instrument used most for analyzing policy (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Policy Making , Health PolicyABSTRACT
The hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus share the same transmission routes, which makes co-infection an unfavorable condition for the natural history of both viral diseases. In this context, it should be highlighted that the knowledge of the extent of co-infection and associated risk factors is a vital tool for prevention and control over infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to review the literature, seeking to examine the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus co-infection reported in studies conducted in Brazil, and identify the main risk factors associated with co-infection. The electronic search was conducted in the Medline, Lilacs and SciELO databases. The following keywords were used: human immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis C or hepatitis C virus and Brazil. The search led to 376 articles, of which 69 were selected for data extraction. We excluded animal studies, reports or case series, review articles, letters to the editor, other types of hepatitis and those studies in which co-infected patients were intentionally selected for comparison to single infected individuals. As a result, 40 articles were reviewed. The majority of the population in these studies was male (71%) and young adults, with a mean age of 26.7 years. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus co-infection among individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus in the studies conducted in Brazil ranged from 3.3% (serum samples) to 82.4% (drug users), with an average of 20.3%. The findings reveal that the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus co-infection is highly variable, depending on the characteristics of the study population. Risk factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus co-infection were injection drug use and blood transfusion.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Coinfection/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Self-report on the quality of life (QOL) is increasingly studied in the evaluation of various diseases, especially in chronic ones. However, there are few data in the literature focusing the QOL of patients living with chronic hepatitis C. The objective of this study was to evaluate the QOL in patients with hepatitis C assessed by the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL)-bref scale. METHODS: One hundred and eight hepatitis C patients attending the Outpatient Healthcare Medical Specialties in Tubarão, State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, were contacted from May 2010 to February 2011. Patients answered the WHOQOL-bref scale and a questionnaire about their treatment and risk factors to hepatitis C virus (VHC) infection. RESULTS: Although most of patients with chronic hepatitis C considered their QoL good or very good (58.1%), 47 (44.8%) patients were poorly or very poorly satisfied with their health. About the WHOQOL answers, the environment domain had the highest score (25.15 + 5.77), while the lowest score was the social relationships domain (9.19 + 2.5). There was statistically significant association between household income and quality of life in all domains (p<0.001) and statistically significant association between education and the physical, psychological and social domains of quality of life (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the answers given in WHOQOL-bref, patients with chronic hepatitis C have a generally poor QOL, especially in social relationship domain. Household income and educational level were factors that interfered significantly with patients' QOL assessment.
INTRODUÇÃO: O autorrelato sobre a qualidade de vida (QV) é cada vez mais estudado na avaliação de várias doenças, especialmente nas crônicas. No entanto, existem poucos dados na literatura focando a QV de pacientes vivendo com hepatite C crônica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a QV em pacientes com hepatite C através da escala World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment versão breve (WHOQOL-bref). MÉTODOS: Foi feito contato com 108 pacientes de hepatite C que frequentavam o Ambulatório Médico de Especialidades em Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brasil, de maio de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011. Os pacientes responderam ao WHOQOLbref e a um questionário sobre o seu tratamento e fatores de risco à infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC). RESULTADOS: Embora a maioria dos pacientes com hepatite C crônica considerasse sua QV boa ou muito boa (58,1%), 47 (44,8%) dos pacientes estavam nada ou muito pouco satisfeitos com a sua saúde. Sobre as respostas do WHOQOL, o domínio ambiental obteve o escore mais alto (25,15 + 5,77), enquanto o menor escore foi do domínio relações sociais (9,19 + 2,5). Houve associação estatística significativa entre renda familiar e qualidade de vida em todos os domínios (p<0,001) e associação estatística significativa entre educação e os domínios físico, psicológico e social da qualidade de vida (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: Baseado nas respostas dadas no WHOQOL-bref, pacientes com hepatite C crônica têm uma QV geralmente pobre, especialmente no domínio relações sociais. A renda familiar e o nível de educação foram fatores que interferiram significativamente na auto-avaliação da qualidade de vida dos pacientes.